Abstract idea: A concept or thought that is not tied to any specific instance or concrete example.
Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.
Artificial intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence in machines programmed to think and learn like humans.
Bipartisan: Involving cooperation or agreement between two major political parties.
Biotechnology: The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.
Codify: To arrange laws or rules into a systematic code.
Commercialization: The process of introducing a new product or production method into commerce.
Competitive advantage: A condition or circumstance that puts a company in a favorable business position.
Congress: The national legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Diagnostics: The practice of identifying the nature and cause of a problem or situation.
Disclosure: The action of making new or secret information known.
Economic growth: An increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the population over a period of time.
Eligibility: The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of necessary conditions.
Federal Circuit: The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, a federal appellate court with jurisdiction over specific subject areas.
Gene: A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and determines some characteristic of the offspring.
Geopolitical: Relating to politics, especially international relations, as influenced by geographical factors.
Infringement: The action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, or patent.
Innovation: The action or process of innovating, introducing new ideas, devices, or methods.
Intellectual property: Intangible property that is the result of creativity, such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
Invalidation: The action of declaring or making legally void or invalid.
Invention: The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
Investment: The action or process of investing money for profit or material result.
Judicial exception: A court-created doctrine that excludes certain subject matter from patent eligibility.
Jurisprudence: The theory or philosophy of law.
Legislation: Laws, considered collectively.
Licensing: Granting a license or permission to use something.
Litigation: The process of taking legal action.
National security: The safety of a nation against threats such as terrorism, war, or espionage.
Non-obviousness: A requirement for a patent that states the invention must not be obvious to a person with ordinary skill in the relevant field.
Novelty: The quality of being new, original, or unusual.
Patent: A government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.
Patent application: A request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for an invention.
Patent examiner: An official in a patent office who scrutinizes patent applications.
Patent troll: A derogatory term for a company that obtains the rights to one or more patents in order to profit by means of licensing or litigation, rather than by producing its own goods or services.
Patent thicket: A dense web of overlapping intellectual property rights that a company must hack its way through in order to actually commercialize new technology.
Precedent: A previous case or legal decision that may be or must be followed in subsequent similar cases.
Preemption: The purchase of goods or shares by one person or party before the opportunity is offered to others.
Quantum computing: A type of computation that harnesses the collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement, to perform calculations.
Royalties: A sum of money paid to a patentee for the use of a patent.
Software: The programs and other operating information used by a computer.
Statutory: Required, permitted, or enacted by statute.
Subject matter: The topic dealt with or the subject represented in a debate, exposition, or work of art.
Supreme Court: The highest court in a country or state.
Technological leadership: The position of being the most advanced or innovative in a particular technology field.
Trade secret: A formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information used by a business to obtain an economic advantage over its competitors.
USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office): The federal agency for granting U.S. patents and registering trademarks.
Venture capital: Capital invested in a project in which there is a substantial element of risk, typically a new or expanding business.
Citations:
[1] https://ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/web/direct-files/1168016/244a0098-020d-4e50-8b2d-cbe0d25a077f/PERA.pdf
[2] https://ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/web/direct-files/1168016/df6109a6-cc9c-4675-af12-94f9d470cd94/PERA.pdf
[3] https://ppl-ai-file-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/web/direct-files/1168016/ff90380f-4fa7-4965-8ff8-4a2dc391ab78/paste-2.txt