Category: Policy

Flowing in Policy Debate

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The First Affirmative Rebuttal (1AR)

The Basics The 1AR is spoken by the debater who delivered the 1AC. The difficulty level of the First Affirmative Rebuttal (1AR) will be determined

The First Negative Constructive (1NC)

The second speech in the debate is the First Negative Constructive (1NC). This is an eight-minute speech delivered by the first negative speaker. The speech

Intermediate Text — Other forms of Topicality

Other Forms of Topicality Arguments Effects topicality. Effects topicality happens when the affirmative’s plan is not directly topical, but only becomes topical through a chain of

Intermediate Text — Kritiks and Framework

One increasingly prevalent type of argument used to counter kritiks is the “framework” argument. Framework arguments revolve around the fundamental question: How should the judge

Intermediate Text — Performance Kritiks

Performance debate, often referred to simply as “performance,” is a style of policy debate that integrates elements of performance art, literature, and personal narrative into